RBD (REM sleep behavior disorder) is a parasomnia marked by complicated motor activity during REM sleep, which is frequently linked to dream mentation.
INTRODUCTION
Screaming, hitting, and clutching are common nighttime motor actions among patients, and they might be dangerous to themselves or their bed partners. Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings in RBD patients demonstrate sporadic or full loss of REM sleep muscle atonia as well as excessive phasic electromyographic (EMG) activity during REM sleep.
RBD is a condition that primarily affects men over the age of 50, and its prevalence is unclear. Self-injury during sleep was discovered in eight patients in a study of 1034 people aged 70 and up in the Hong Kong area, four of whom had a PSG diagnosis of RBD, producing an estimated prevalence of 0.04 percent.
RBD is common in synucleinopathies, a group of neurodegenerative illnesses that includes Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA).
RBD can also be caused by a variety of neurological diseases involving the brainstem. RBD is classified as "idiopathic" if no neurological symptoms or abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS) are discovered. In the biggest documented series of RBD patients, this type accounts for up to 60% of the observed cases.
WHAT IS REM?
REM (rapid eye movement) is the deepest stage of sleep where there is the active use of the brain causing a person to dream and also as the name suggests, the irises of your eyes move rapidly during this stage. REM occurs mostly at the last stage of the 90-minute sleep cycle.
CAUSES OF RBD
RBD has no known etiology, however, it has been linked to degenerative neurological diseases like Parkinson's disease, multisystem atrophy (also known as Shy-Drager syndrome), and diffuse Lewy body dementia.
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